Pasek boczny artykułów

Przesłane lip 2, 2020
Zaakceptowane lut 19, 2021
Opublikowane gru 19, 2022
Download
PDF (English)
Statistic
Read Counter : 301 Download : 43

Główna treść artykułu

Abstrakt

Existence outside of marriage associated, especially in the case of women, with the lack of children carries an almost universal stigma. It has historically been perceived as a violation of social norms and a danger to local communities and states. In the latest couple of decades, a growing number of studies focused on the stereotypes and stigma of singlehood, but not many of them addressed the issues of stereotype formation and the etiology of stigma related to never-married people. This paper explores the relationship between Romanian terms referring to never-married people and the local socio-demographic context from a historical perspective. It also makes a few cultural-comparative remarks to show that, as it is said, language mirrors culture and society. The number and the linguistic form of the available words for men and women who did not marry reflect society’s concerns at one point in time or another. The way the language is used affects the persistence of category representation and the consensualisation of stereotypes. Finally, this paper supports the idea that historical, multidisciplinary and comparative approaches provide a better understanding of social and cultural realities.

Słowa kluczowe

never married, language, stigma etiology, Romania never married, language, stigma etiology, Romania

Szczegóły artykułu

Creative Commons License

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Jak cytować
Savu, A. (2022). ‘They had lived for nothing in this world’: Linguistic and socio-demographic considerations on a historically stigmatised marital status. Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów, (22), 327–341. https://doi.org/10.34768/dma.vi22.601

Bibliografia

  1. ALR I/II. (1942), Atlasul lingvistic român, Partea I, Vol. II, Muzeul Limbii române din Cluj, Sibiu-Leipzig.
  2. Apostu I. (2013), Căsătoria între stabilitate și disoluție, Tritonic, București.
  3. Ardeleanu C. (2017), Foreign migrant communities in the Danubian Ports of Brăila and Galaţi (1829-1914), in: Across the Danube: Southeastern Europeans and their travelling identities (17th-19th C.), O. Katsiardi-Hering & M.A. Stassinopoulou (eds.), Brill, Leiden, pp. 253-274, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004335448_011, 10.05.2020.
  4. Bălan A. (2012), Cazinoul Constanţa, “fata bătrână” sedusă şi abandonată, “Cuget Liber”, https://www.cugetliber.ro/stiri-politica-cazinoul-constanta-fata-batrana-sedusa-si-abandonata-142417, 5.02.2020.
  5. Beukeboom C.J. & Burgers C. (2019), How stereotypes are shared through language: A review and introduction of the Social Categories and Stereotypes Communication (SCSC) Framework, “Review of Communication Research”, Vol. 7, pp. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.017, 15.05.2020.
  6. Bliese L. (1970), The Lexicon – a key to culture; with illustrations from afar word lists, “Journal of Ethiopian Studies”, Vol. 8(2), pp. 1-19, www.jstor.org/stable/41965807, 15.05.2020.
  7. Blum L. (2004), Stereotypes and stereotyping: A moral analysis, “Philosophical Papers”, Vol. 33(3), pp. 251-289, DOI: 10.1080/05568640409485143.
  8. Britannica, Betyár. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/betyar, 10.10.2019.
  9. Bucur M. & Miroiu M. (2018), Birth of democratic citizenship: Women and power in modern Romania, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv65sw3t, 8.02.2020.
  10. Byrne A. (2000), Singular identities: Managing stigma, resisting voices, “Women’s Studies Review”, Vol. 7, pp. 13-24, https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/2554, 10.05.2020.
  11. Byrne A. & Carr D. (2005), Caught in the cultural lag: The stigma of singlehood, “Psychological Inquiry”, Vol. 16(2), pp. 84-141.
  12. Castagneto M. & D’Amora R. (2006), A world of difference: Gender disparity in the Turkish Word Thesaurus, in: Gender, Language and New Literacy. A Multilingual Analysis, E.M. Thüne, S. Leonardi & C. Bazzanella (eds.), Continuum, London/New York, pp. 196-212.
  13. Cihac A. (1879),Dictionnaire d’étymologie daco-romane. Éléments slaves, magyars, turcs, grecs--moderne et albanais, Ludolphe St-Goar, Francfort s/M.
  14. Colescu L. (1944), Analiza rezultatelor recensământului general al populaţiei României dela 1899, Institutul Central de Statistică, Bucureşti.
  15. Cruea S.M. (2005), Changing ideals of womanhood during the nineteenth-century woman movement, “General Studies Writing Faculty Publications” 1, pp. 187-204, https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/gsw_pub/1 , 4.02.2020.
  16. Dărămuș L.D. (2015),Les femmes sans mari des classes populaires, des prostituées? Arbitraire administratif et résistances des femmes (Bucarest, 1850-1870), “Genre & Histoire”, No. 16, http://journals.openedition.org/genrehistoire/2227, 27.11.2018.
  17. DePaulo B. (2006), Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatized, and ignored, and still live happily ever after, St. Martin’s Press, New York.
  18. DePaulo B.M. & Morris W.L. (2005),Singles in society and in science, “Psychological Inquiry”, Vol. 16(2/3), pp. 57-83.
  19. Dexonline, Burlac, https://dexonline.ro/definitie/burlac; Fătălău, https://dexonline.ro/definitie/f%C4%83t%C4%83l%C4%83u; Holtei, https://dexonline.ro/definitie/holtei, 5.12.2019.
  20. Diaconovich C. (1898), Enciclopedia română, Tomul I, W. Krafft, Editoria, Sibiu.
  21. Digi24 (2018), Exodul românilor. Câți trăiesc în afara granițelor și ce sume trimit în țară, https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/social/exodul-romanilor-cati-traiesc-in-afara-granitelor-sice-sume-trimit-in-tara-977994, 10.08.2020.
  22. Dollard C.L. (2009), The surplus woman: Unmarried in Imperial Germany, 1871-1918, Berghahn Books, New York, Oxford, doi:10.2307/j.ctt9qcnrp, 10.08.2020.
  23. Dospinescu A.S. & Russo G. (2018), Romania – systematic country diagnostic: background note – migration (English), World Bank Group, Washington, D.C, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/ 210481530907970911/Romania-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-backgroundnote-migration, 10.08.2020.
  24. Dreher N.H. (1993), Redundancy and emigration: The “woman question” in Mid-Victorian Britain, “Victorian Periodicals Review” 26, no. 1, pp. 3-7, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20082640, 9.02.2020.
  25. F.T. (1930),Urbanism și cult național, Ed. Proprie, Bucureşti.
  26. Freeman R. & Klaus P. (1984), Blessed or not? The new spinster in England and the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, “Journal of Family History”, Vol. 9(4), pp. 394-414, https://doi.org/10.1177/036319908400900406, 7.12.2018.
  27. Gloger Z. (1901), Encyklopedia staropolska ilustrowana, T.2 [D-K], Druk P. Laskauer, W. Babicki, Warszawa, http://cyfrowa.chbp.chelm.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=9719, 10.08.2020.
  28. Goffman E. (1963), Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  29. Hajnal J. (1965),European Marriage Patterns in Perspective, in:Population in History: Essays in historical Demography, D.V. Glass & D.E.C. Eversley (eds), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 101-143.
  30. Hua S.L. (2015), What is ‘sheng nu (剩女)’: China’s leftover women, “TutorMing”, blog.tutorming.com/expats/what-is-a-sheng-nu, 10.10.2019.
  31. INSa, Institutul Național de Statistică, http://www.recensamantromania.ro, 10.02.2018.
  32. INSb, Institutul Național de Statistică, Tempo Online, http://statistici.insse.ro:8077/tempoonline/#/pages/tables/insse-table, 10.02.2018.
  33. Kahan A. (1985), The plow, the hammer, and the knout. An economic history of eighteen-century Russia, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  34. Karpat K.H. (2002), Studies on Ottoman social and political history, Brill, Leiden.
  35. Knights M. (2014), Historical stereotypes and histories of stereotypes, in: Psychology and History: Interdisciplinary Explorations, C. Tileagă & J. Byford (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 242-267.
  36. Lahad K. (2017), A Table for one: A critical reading of singlehood, gender and time, Manchester University Press, Manchester, DOI:10.2307/j.ctt1wn0s66, 2.10.2018.
  37. Marian S.F. (1890),Nunta la români. Studiu istoric-etnografic comparativ, Tipografia Carol Göbl, Bucuresci.
  38. Martinescu D. (2006), SNM, fata bătrână a industriei navale, “România Liberă”,https://romanialibera.ro/actualitate/proiecte-locale/snm--fata-batrana-a-industriei-navale--52309, 5.02.2020.
  39. Martinescu D. (2019), Neptun-Olimp, fata bătrână a bursei, “Ziarul de Investigații”, https://zin.ro/18/12/2019/economie/neptun-olimp-fata-batrana-a-bursei/, 5.02.2020.
  40. Mills C.W. (2000), The sociological imagination. 1st ed. With a new afterword of Todd Gitlin, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  41. Mitoceanu C (2020),Acești oameni fără căpătâi care ne guvernează, “Monitorul de Botoșani”, https://www.monitorulbt.ro/editorial/2020/02/11/acesti-oameni-fara-capatai-care-neguverneaza-ciprian-mitoceanu-scriitor/, 10.08.2020.
  42. Moraczewski J. (1851),Polska w złotym wieku, Poznań: Nakł. N. Kamieńskiego, https://hdl.handle.ne/2027/wu.89099854911, 10.08.2020.
  43. Moran R.F. (2004), How second-wave feminism forgot the single woman, “Hofstra Law Review”, Vol. 33(1), Art. 5, pp. 223-298, http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol33/iss1/5, 2.12.2018.
  44. Nicolae R. (2014), Sōshoku(kei) danshi: The (un)gendered Questions on contemporary Japan,“Romanian Economic Business Review”, Vol. 9 (3), pp. 66-81, www.rebe.rau.ro/RePEc/rau/journl/ FA14/REBE-FA14-A8.pdf , 10.08.2020.
  45. Ntoimo L.F.C. & Isiugo-Abanihe U. (2014),Patriarchy and singlehood among women in Lagos,Nigeria, “Journal of Family Issues”, Vol. 35(14), pp. 1980-2008, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13511249, 20.08.2018.
  46. OECD. SF2.4: Share of births outside of marriage, https://www.oecd.org/els/family/SF_2_4
  47. _Share_births_outside_marriage.pdf , 20.05.2020.
  48. Pantea M.C. (2013), Romania, in: Cultural sociology of divorce: An encyclopedia,R.E. Emery (ed.), SAGE, Thousand Oaks.
  49. Popescu R. (2008), Family values in Romania and in Europe, in: The Values of Romanians: 1993-2006: A sociological Perspective, B. Voicu & M. Voicu (eds.), Institutul European, Iași.
  50. Propp V.I. & Reeder R. (1993), Russian folk lyrics,Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  51. Rotariu T., Dumănescu L. & Hărăguş M. (2017), Demografia României în perioada postbelică (1948-2015), Editura Polirom, Iaşi.
  52. Savu A. (2018),On the need for linguistic and lexical sensibility in social sciences, “Annals of ‘Dimitrie Cantemir’ Christian University: Linguistics, Literature and Methodology of Teaching”, Vol. XVII (2), pp. 42-62, http://aflls.ucdc.ro/doc/FLLS%20Anale_2_2018.pdf, 20.08.2020.
  53. Savu A. (2019), History, modernization and never married women in Romania, “Revistas Feminismos”, Vol. 7(1), pp. 106-117, https://portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/feminismos/article/view/35756, 20.08.2020.
  54. Schneider D.J. (2004), The psychology of stereotyping, Guilford Press, New York/London.
  55. Scott R.A. & Miller D.T. (1986), Foreword, in: The Dilemma of Difference: A Multidisciplinary View of Stigma, S.C. Ainlay, G. Becker & L.M. Coleman (eds.), Springer, Boston, pp. ix-xiii.
  56. Scriban A. (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești, Institutu de arte grafice ”Presa bună”, Iași.
  57. Stafford M.C. & Scott R.R. (1986), Stigma, deviance, and social control, in: The Dilemma of Difference: A Multidisciplinary View of Stigma, S.C. Ainlay, G. Becker & L.M. Coleman (eds.), Springer, Boston, pp. 77-91.
  58. Stangor C. & Crandall C.S. (2000), Threat and the social construction of stigma, in: The social psychology of stigma, T.F. Heatherton et al. (eds.), Guilford Press, New York/London, pp. 62-87.
  59. Trebici V. & Ghinoiu I. (1986), Demografie şi etnografie, Editura Ştiinţifică, Bucureşti.
  60. Voicu C. (2015), Construcția socială a maternității, Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgoviște.
  61. Voicu M. (2008), Religiosity and religious revival during the transition period in Romania, in: The Values of Romanians 1993-2006, B. Voicu & M. Voicu (eds.), Institutul European, Iași.
  62. Yamaguchi T. (2006), «Loser dogs» and «demon hags»: Single women in Japan and the declining birth rate, “Social Science Japan Journal”, Vol. 9(1), pp. 109-114, doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyk007, 10.02.2020.
  63. Zafiu R. (2015),Burlăciță, “Dilema veche”, Nr. 570, pp. 15-21, https://dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/tilc-show/articol/burlacita, 28.02.2019.