Well-being and respect for seniors. Exploring the meaning of care farms
pdf

Keywords

care farms
senior well-being
mutual learning process
inclusive education
study visits
social inclusion .

How to Cite

Frątczak-Muller, J. (2025). Well-being and respect for seniors. Exploring the meaning of care farms. Adult Education Discourses, (26), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.61824/dma.vi26.758

Abstract

This article presents the process of establishing care farms in the Lubuskie Province of Poland, a model rarely implemented in the country until now. The study focuses on two key aspects: the mutual learning process of the team responsible for developing the operational principles of these care farms and the initial outcomes observed after a year of their operation. The research aims to understand how the self-learning process unfolded and to assess the impact of care farms on the wellbeing and respect of seniors, both in terms of self-respect and respect received from others. The study is guided by the theoretical frameworks of inclusive education and green care, with a focus on three core issues: respect and agency, social inclusion, and quality of life. Using a combination of document analysis and qualitative interviews with process implementers (team for developing a model of the operation of care farms in the Lubuskie Province) and participants of care farms, the findings reveal that the collaborative learning environment, enriched by direct exposure to green care practices and interactions with seniors during their daily activities, fostered a shared understanding and commitment to the project. This experience motivated the participants to adapt these practices to meet local needs, promoting respect and agency among seniors. The results suggest that seniors’ involvement in meaningful activities enhanced their self-esteem, sense of agency, and motivation, contributing to their overall well-being. The study concludes that care farms offer a promising model for elder care by enhancing both the external respect accorded to seniors and their internal self-respect, thereby supporting broader social inclusion goals and quality of life.

https://doi.org/10.61824/dma.vi26.758
pdf

References

Armstrong, D., Armstrong, AC. & Spandagou, I. (2011) Inclusion: By choice or by chance?

International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15(1), 29-39.

Bandura, A. (1997) Self-efficacy. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 13, 4-7.

Bandura, A. (2011) On the Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited. Journal

of Management, 38(1), 9-44.

Blackford, S. (2018) Harnessing the power of communities: career networking strategies for

bioscience Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers. FEMS Microbiology Letters [online],

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fny033.

Balibar, E. (2005) Difference, Otherness, Exclusion. Parallax, 11(1), 19-34.

Bossaert, G., Colpin, H., Pijl, S.J. & Petry, K. (2013) Truly included? A literature study focusing on the social dimension of inclusion in education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(1), 60-79.

Burns, V.F., Lavoie, J.-P. & Rose, D. (2012) Revisiting the Role of Neighbourhood Change in

Social Exclusion and Inclusion of Older People. Journal of Aging Research [online], 148287.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/148287.

Danna, K. & Griffin, R. (1999) Health and well-being in the workplace: a review and synthesis

of the literature. Journal of Management, 25, 357-384.

De Boer, A., Pijl, S.J. & Minnaret, A. (2010) Regular primary schoolteachers’ attitudes towards

inclusive education: a review of the literature. International Journal of Inclusive Education

[online], 15(3), 331-353. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110903030089.

Ferguson, J.M. (2021) How do the support networks of older people influence their experiences

of social isolation in care homes? Social Inclusion [online], 9(4), 315-326. Available at: https://

doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4486.

Folke, C., Colding, J. & Berkes, F. (2003) Synthesis: Building Resilience and Adaptive Capacity

in Social-Ecological Systems. In: F. Berkes, J. Colding and C. Folke (eds.) Navigating SocialEcological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 352-387.

Frątczak-Müller, J. (2022) Innovative Housing Policy and (Vulnerable) Residents’ Quality of

Life. Frontiers in Psychology [online], 13(751208). Available at: https://doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.75120813/751208.

Frątczak-Müller, J. (2023) Study Visits. A Good Practice for Inclusive Education. In: A. Roy,

S.T. Gülhan, D. Bazuń & M. Kwiatkowski (eds.) Knowledge on the Move: Studies on Mobile

Social Education. Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa, 241-258.

Frątczak-Müller, J., Krzaczkowska, A. & Jedynak, K. (2021) Innowacyjnie czyli jak? Lubuski

model usług społecznych na terenach wiejskich. Zielona Góra: Regionalny Ośrodek Polityki

Społecznej.

Frątczak-Müller, J. & Mielczarek-Żejmo, A. (2023) Study visits as a Factor in Local Engagement.

In: D. Bazuń & M. Kwiatkowski (eds.) Teaching on the Move: Social Education Toolkit for

Teachers. Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa, 120-122.

Glaser, M., Blake, O., Bertolini, L., Brömmelstroet & M., Rubin, O. (2021) Learning from abroad:

An interdisciplinary exploration of knowledge transfer in the transport domain. Research in

Transportation Business & Management, 39(100531). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

rtbm.2020.100531.

Granados, F.J. & Knoke, D. (2005) Organized Interest Groups and Policy Networks. In: T. Janoski,

R.R. Alford, A.M. Hicks & M.A. Schwartz (eds.) The Handbook of Political Sociology. States,

Civil Societies, and Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 287-309.

Guy, G. (2010) Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice (2nd ed.). New

York: Teachers College Press.

Hassink, J. & van Dijk, M. (2006) Farming for health across Europe: comparison between

countries, recommendations for research and policy agenda. In: J. Hassink & M. van Dijk

(eds.) Farming for Health: Green-care farming across Europe and the United States of America:

Proceedings of the Frontis Workshop on Farming for Health Wageningen, The Netherlands

-19 March 2005, Dordrecht: Springer (Wageningen-UR Frontis series; No. 13), 347-357.

Hemingway, A., Ellis-Hill, C. & Norton, E. (2016) What does care farming provide for clients?

The views of care farm staff. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences [online], 79(1), 23-29.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.09.001.

Hine, R. (2008) Care farming: Bringing together agriculture and health. ECOS, 29(2), 42-51.

Hussain, B., Mirza, M., Baines, R., Burns, L., Stevens, S., Asthana, S. & Chatterjee, A. (2023)

Loneliness and social networks of older adults in rural communities: a narrative synthesis

systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health [online], 11, 1113864. Available at: https://doi.

org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1113864.

Kaufmann, J.M., Anastasiou, D., Badar, J., Travers, J.C. & Wiley, A.L. (2016) Inclusive Education

Moving Forward. General and Special Education Inclusion in an Age of Change: Roles of

Professionals Involved. Advances in Special Education [online], 32, 153-178. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1108/S0270-401320160000032010.

Kaye, L.W. & Singer, C. (2018) Social Isolation of Older Adults: Strategies to Bolster Health and

Well-Being. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Leck, C., Upton, D. & Evans, N. (2013) Social aspects of green care. In: C. Gallis (ed.) Green

care: for human therapy, social innovation, rural economy and education. New York: Nova

Science Publishers, Inc., 155-188.

Montero, S. (2017) Study tours and inter-city policy learning: Mobilizing Bogota’s transportation

policies in Guadalajara. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 49(2), 332-350.

Available at: https://doi. org/10.1177/0308518X16669353.

Morgan, T., Wiles, J., Park, H.-J., Moeke-Maxwell, T., Dewes, O., Black, S., Williams, L. & Gott, M.

(2019) Social connectedness: what matters to older people? Ageing and Society [online], 45(5), 1-19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X1900165X.

Mowat, J.G. (2015) Towards a new conceptualisation of marginalisation. European Educational Research Journal [online], 14(5), 454-476. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1474904115589864.

Murray, J., Wickramasekera, N., Elings, M., Bragg, R., Brennan, C., Richardson, Z., Wright, J.,

Llorente, M.G., Cade, J., Shickle, D., Tubeuf, S. & Elsey, H. (2019) The impact of care farms

on quality of life, depression and anxiety among different population groups: A systematic

review. Campbell Systematic Review [online], 15(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/

cl2.1061.

Patton, M.Q. (2014) Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice.

London: Sage Publications, Inc.

Sapon-Shevin, M., Ayres, B.J. & Duncan, J. (1994) Cooperative learning and inclusion. In:

J.S. Thousand, R.A. Villa & A.I. Nevins Ann (eds.) Creativity and Collaborative Learning:

A Practical Guide to Empowering Students and Teachers. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes,

-58.

Sempik, J., Hine, R. & Wilcox, D. (eds.) (2010) Green Care: A Conceptual Framework, A Report

of the Working Group on the Health Benefits of Green Care, COST Action 866, Green Care in

Agriculture. Loughborough: Centre for Child and Family Research, Loughborough University.

Silverman, D. (ed.) (2016) Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications, Inc.

Sirgy, M.J. (2021) The Psychology of Quality of Life: Wellbeing and Positive Mental Health. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Tomlinson, S. (2016) A Sociology of Special and Inclusive Education. Exploring the manufacture

of inability. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

Trafiałek, E. (2016) Innowacyjna polityka senioralna XXI wieku. Między ageizmem, bezpieczeń-

stwem socjalnym i active ageing. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.

UNESCO (2009) Policy Guidelines on Inclusion in Education. Paris: UNESCO.

Vrugt, A. & Koenis, S. (2002) Perceived self-efficacy, personal goals, social comparison, and

scientific productivity. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51, 593-607.

Witkowska-Tomaszewska, A. (2019) ‘Mutual Learning Education’ – Constructivism in School

Practice. Konteksty Pedagogiczne, 2 (13), 145-159.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Adult Education Discourses